Alterações oftalmológicas em pacientes com COVID-19: revisão narrativa de estudos e séries de casos / Ophthalmic changes in patients with COVID-19: narrative review of studies and case series

O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever casos clínicos e séries de casos relacionados a alterações oftalmológicas em pacientes com diagnóstico de COVID-19. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa/descritiva de casos clínicos e série de casos. A partir das buscas de dados com descritores pré-definidos, foram integrados na revisão, 17 estudos. Dentre os principais temas identificados, destacam-se: alterações conjuntivais, alterações retinianas e oftalmoparesias. O quadro de alterações da conjuntiva foi prevalente em relação aos demais. Essa revisão incluiu não apenas afecções oculares em adultos, mas também, em crianças e adolescentes. O estudo chama atenção para o fato de que as alterações oculares foram descritas como alteração isolada, alteração precipitante e alteração simultânea ao quadro respiratório. Conclui-se que as afecções oculares vão além de alterações conjuntivais, embora sejam essas preponderantes, havendo ainda alterações retinianas, quadro de oftalmoparesia e ainda a incomum síndrome de Miller Fisher. Novos ensaios irão poder avaliar, qual é de fato, a representatividade dos problemas oculares na cadeia epidemiológica da COVID-19. [au]

The objective of this work is to describe clinical cases and case series related to ophthalmological changes in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. A narrative/descriptive review of clinical cases and case series was performed. Based on data searches with pre-defined descriptors, 17 studies were integrated in the review. Among the main themes identified, the following stand out: conjunctival changes, retinal changes and ophthalmoparesis. The picture of changes in the conjunctiva was prevalent in relation to the others. This review included not only eye disorders in adults, but also in children and adolescents. The study draws attention to the fact that the ocular changes were described as isolated alteration, precipitating alteration and simultaneous alteration to the respiratory condition. It is concluded that ocular conditions go beyond conjunctival alterations, although these are predominant, with retinal alterations, ophthalmoparesis and the unusual Miller Fisher syndrome. New trials will be able to assess, in fact, the representativeness of eye problems in the epidemiological chain of COVID-19. [au]

Epidemiological profile of suicide attempts in a municipality in southwest Paraná, from 2017 to 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological profile and psychological disorder of the suicide attempt cases in Francisco Beltrão, Paraná. METHODS: This is an epidemiological descriptive/qualitative study of suicide attempts conducted between 2017 and 2020. This study used data from the Brazilian Information system for notifications involving suicide attempts (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, SINAN) and 447 notifications were obtained. An analysis of the electronic medical record of these patients was performed in order to investigate the mental disorders, using a questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 447 notifications, 382 were eligible for the study. Using the 95% confidence interval, there was a higher frequency of females with 71.7% aged between 18 and 35 years representing 48.4%, with 77.2% white race/color, the singles appeared in the majority with 47.6% with a history of previous suicide attempts, using exogenous intoxication as a method in the attempt with 67.5%. Regarding mental health, 66.5% of the patients had some mental disorders, with the highest prevalence of recurrent depressive disorder found in 40.6%. CONCLUSION: It was observed that there is a need for training of health professionals and implementation of programs and preventive measures aimed primarily at females aged between 18 and 35 years with mental disorders, especially with recurrent depressive disorder and with a history of previous suicide attempt.

Sleep quality and common mental disorder in the hospital Nursing team / Qualidade do sono e transtorno mental comum em equipe de enfermagem hospitalar / Calidad del sueño y trastorno mental común en un equipo de enfermería de un hospital

Objective: to determine the prevalence of sleep quality and common mental disorder in Nursing professionals and factors associated with sleep change. Method: a cross-sectional, analytical and quantitative study developed with 196 Nursing professionals of a public hospital and a mixed one. Data was collected by means of an instrument of sociodemographic characterization, by the Self-Report Questionnaire 20 and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics to identify possible factors associated with sleep changes. Results: sleep changes were identified among the Nursing professionals with a frequency of 76.5% (70.4-82.1). Sleep quality was classified as poor in 41.8% (41.8-55.6) and sleep disorder in 27.6%. (21.4-34.2). The prevalence of common mental disorder was identified in 36.7% (30.1-43.9). The main factor for poor sleep quality was the presence of common mental disorder (Odds Ratio: 5.15; p<0.001). Conclusion: sleep changes were prevalent and the characteristics of the work environment and the presence of mental disorder showed relevance in the changes.

Objetivo: determinar a prevalência da qualidade do sono e do transtorno mental comum em profissionais de enfermagem e os fatores associados à alteração do sono. Método: estudo transversal, analítico e quantitativo desenvolvido com 196 profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital público e um misto. Os dados foram coletados por meio de instrumento de caracterização sociodemográfica, do Self-Report Questionnaire 20 e do Índice de Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburgh e foram analisados por estatística descritiva e inferencial para identificar possíveis fatores associados com a alteração no sono. Resultados: a alteração do sono foi identificada entre os profissionais de enfermagem numa frequência de 76,5% (70,4-82,1). A qualidade do sono foi classificada como ruim em 41,8% (41,8-55,6) e o distúrbio do sono em 27,6% (21,4-34,2). Identificou-se uma prevalência de transtorno mental comum em 36,7% (30,1-43,9). O principal fator para a má qualidade do sono foi a presença de transtorno mental comum (Odds ratio: 5,15 p<0,001). Conclusão: as alterações de sono foram prevalentes e as características do ambiente de trabalho e a presença de transtorno mental comum apresentaram relevância com as alterações.

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de la calidad del sueño y del trastorno mental común en los profesionales de enfermería y factores asociados a los trastornos del sueño. Método: se trata de un estudio transversal, analítico y cuantitativo desarrollado con 196 profesionales de enfermería de un hospital público y otro mixto. Los datos se recolectaron mediante un instrumento de caracterización sociodemográfica, utilizando el Self-Report Questionnaire 20 y el Índice de Calidad de Sueño de Pittsburgh y se analizaron utilizando estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales para identificar posibles factores asociados con trastornos del sueño. Resultados: se identificaron trastornos del sueño entre los profesionales de enfermería con una frecuencia del 76,5% (70,4-82,1). La calidad del sueño se clasificó como mala en el 41,8% (41,8-55,6) y trastorno del sueño en el 27,6% (21,434,2). Se identificó una prevalencia de trastorno mental común en el 36,7% (30,1-43,9). El factor principal de la mala calidad del sueño fue la presencia de trastorno mental común (Odds ratio: 5,15 p<0,001). Conclusión: los trastornos del sueño fueron prevalentes y las características del entorno laboral y la presencia de trastorno mental común fueron relevantes para los trastornos del sueño.

Programa Cuide-se Mais: impacto na prevenção e rastreamento do câncer no Paraná / Take More Care Program: impact on cancer prevention and tracking in Paraná

O aumento da incidência de câncer na população brasileira alerta para a necessidade de implantação de medidas de rastreamento baseadas na busca ativa de novos casos. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho avaliou o impacto de um programa itinerante de rastreamento dos cânceres de mama, colo de útero, próstata e pele realizado pelo Serviço Social da Indústria (Sesi) no período de 1 ano, em 22 municípios do estado do Paraná. O estudo é descritivo, com banco de dados secundários e abordagem quantitativa, referente ao programa Cuide-se Mais do Sesi Paraná. Através de uma unidade móvel, foram realizadas análises da superfície da pele, coleta de Papanicolau em mulheres de 25 a 69 anos, mamografia em mulheres com idade entre 40 e 69 anos e dosagem de Antígeno Prostático Específico (PSA) em homens de 45 a 69 anos de 22 municípios do Paraná. Foram atendidos 4679 trabalhadores paranaenses em 202 empresas, realizadas 4120 palestras de orientações e 1346 oficinas de prevenção. As lesões avaliadas em pele suspeitas para câncer corresponderam a 3,4% do total de 3054 exames. Foram realizadas 873 mamografias, e encaminhados 11 casos de lesões suspeitas no exame de Papanicolau de um total de 2073 coletas. O PSA esteve alterado em 8 homens de um total de 1308 exames. A instalação da unidade móvel dentro da empresa quebra duas barreiras de impedimento dos trabalhadores realizarem seus exames preventivos: a sociocultural e a institucional. Desta forma, programas e ações de rastreamento do câncer podem contribuir para o diagnóstico precoce desta patologia, especialmente na população em idade economicamente produtiva.(AU)

The increased incidence of cancer in the Brazilian population urges the need of implementing screening measures based on the active search for new cases. In this sense, the present work presents the results of the Take More Care disease-screening program. With a mobile unit, analyzes of the skin surface, Pap smear collection in women aged 25 to 69 years, mammography in women aged 40 to 69 years and specific prostatic antigen (SPA) in men aged 45 to 69 were performed in 22 municipalities of Paraná state. 4679 workers from Paraná were attended in 202 companies, 4120 orientation lectures and 1346 prevention workshops were given. Suspected skin lesions for skin cancer corresponded to 3.4% from 3054 skin assessment tests. 873 mammograms were performed, and 11 cases of suspected lesions were referred to the Pap smear, from 2073 collections. The SPA was altered in 8 men, in a total of 1308 tests performed. The installation of the mobile unit inside the company breaks two barriers preventing workers from carrying out their preventive exams: the sociocultural and the institutional. Thus, cancer screening programs and actions can contribute to the early diagnosis of this pathology, especially in the population of economically productive age.(AU)

Characteristics associated with anti-HCV serological markers in prisoners in the state of Paraná, Brazil: a case-control study

ABSTRACT Background: The prison system in Paraná, Brazil, is experiencing serious problems related to the increasing number of prisoners. Control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has become more intense because the incarcerated population is considered a high-risk group for contagious diseases due to the favorable conditions found in prisons for the spread of these morbidities. The objective of this study was to identify features associated with hepatitis C infection among male prisoners in correctional institutions of Paraná state, Brazil. Methods: This was a case-control study (27 cases and 54 controls) of men incarcerated in 11 penitentiaries in Paraná, Brazil. Information was obtained through a questionnaire in a cross-sectional epidemiological survey on HCV infection during the period from May 2015 to December 2016. Eligible men were recruited after testing positive for anti-HCV antibodies. Cases and controls were selected based on serological results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and were matched by age, location of the penitentiary, and time in prison. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for HCV seropositivity. Results: The main significant independent risk factor for the acquisition of HCV infection was the use of injectable drugs (OR = 4.00; 95%CI:1.41-11.35; p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study provides evidence that HCV infection is associated with drug use by this population. This information is pivotal for tailoring prevention programs and guiding specific socioeducational measures that aim to reduce or prevent HCV transmission within the prison setting.